| CITIES IN INDIA >> DEHLI |
About
Delhi |
Delhi,
this city with hundreds of years of history.
As a political city and the capital of the
country, Delhi is also an administrative unit
in itself. It houses the power structure,
the ministries and the parliament. And, perhaps
the most special of all, it offers a variety
of cultural activity of dance and music shows
of the highest caliber.
At the end of the 13th century the Khilji
dynasty built their new capital at Siri -
the second city of Delhi. Here, along with
the historical remnants of the Khiljis, are
new and modern buildings - the Asian Games
Village and the Siri Fort Auditorium which
bear witness to a different kind of history:
the Asian Games in 1982.
The third city of Delhi, Tughlakabad, was
built inside a great fortress with 13 outer
gates. This huge structure was built over
a span of just five years during the reign
of Ghiyas-ud-din from 1321-25. His tomb is
across the road from the main entrance to
the fort. The fort itself was later abandoned,
possibly because of the shortage of water.
The fourth city of Delhi, Jahanpanah, was
built by Muhammed Bin Tughlak. But soon after
it was built, Tughlak decided to transfer
his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad in Deccan.
It was a long and difficult march of 1120
kilometers. Many of his soldiers died in this
march and when Tughlak had to finally concede
his error in judgment, Delhi resumed its status
as capital. Few remains of the fifth city
of Ferozabad can be found today. This was
built by Feroz Shah Tughlak in 1351, on the
banks of the river Yamuna, and later demolished
by Shah Jahan to build Shahjahanabad.
Tomb and monuments of the Lodi and Sayyid
dynasties lie within the Lodi gardens- the
sixth city. Old Delhi is the seventh cities.
The red fort was built by Shah Jahan who selected
masons and craftsmen from all over the country
for this task. Red sandstone was especially
brought in from Agra. This fort was defended
by 14 massive gates of which only five remain.
The Capital alternated between Agra and Delhi
during these years and soon after the British
established themselves it was removed to Calcutta.
It was only in 1911 that Delhi resumed its
position and the architects, Edward Lutyens
and his colleague; Herbert Baker envisaged
their plan for the city. They designed the
Rashtrapati Bhawan and its surrounding areas
in a style meant to be the best combination
of Indian, Roman and English architecture.
From there on began the new cities that embody
Delhi. The buildings reaching for the sky,
the numerous hotels and shopping centers.
Connaught Place, built in 1931, set the motion
for the development of New Delhi. Now, shopping
centers have sprung up in virtually every
colony. Delhi continues to spread out fast
including the far-flung suburbs and even some
former forest areas.
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Rashtrapati
Bhawan |
| Modern Delhi, or New Delhi
as it is called, centres around the Rashtrapati
Bhawan. It is architecturally a very impressive
building standing at a height, flowing down
as it were to India Gate. This stretch called
the Rajpath is where the Republic Day parade
is held. The imposing plan of this area conceived
by Lutyens does not fade in its charm with the
numerous summers or winters that go past. |
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India Gate |
| Humayun's Tomb was built nine years after
Humayun's death by his wife Haji Begum. Designed
by a Persian architect named Mirak Mirza Ghiyas,
and completed in 1565, the edifice was a trendsetter
of the time. It is said that all later Mughal
monuments, including the Taj Mahal, followed
its design. |
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Qutab
Minar |
The Qutab Minar is located
at a small village called Mehrauli in South
Delhi. It was built by Qutub-ud-din Aibek of
the Slave Dynasty, who took possession of Delhi
in 1206. It is a fluted red sandstone tower,
which tapers up to a height of 72.5 metres and
is covered with intricate
When one approaches old Delhi with a somewhat
Westernised perception the emotional response
can range from wonderment to bewilderment, from
utter disgust to ecstasy. Undoubtedly, Old Delhi
gives an insight into the multi-layered identity
that so aptly characterizes India. The lanes
are narrow, filled to bursting with people,
throbbing with life. In the midst of this sea
of people, suddenly you come face to face with
the ramparts of the Red Fort. The decision for
constructing the fort was taken in 1639, when
Shahjahan decided to shift his capital to Delhi.
Within eight years, Shahjahanabad was completed
with the Red Fort-Qila-i-Mubarak (fortunate
citadel)-Delhi's seventh fort, ready in all
its magnificence to receive the Emperor. Though
much has changed now because of large-scale
demolitions during the British occupation of
the fort, its important structures have survived,
the glory faded with age but still impressive.
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Chandni Chowk |
The living legacy of
Delhi is Shahjahanabad. Created by the builder
of Taj Mahal, this city, with the Red Fort
as the focal point and Jama
Masjid as the praying centre, has a fascinating
market planned to shine under the light of
the moon, called Chandni Chowk. Shahjahan
planned Chandni Chowk so that his daughter
could shop for all that she wanted. It was
divided by canals filled with water, which
glistened like silver in moonlight. The canals
are now closed, but Chandni Chowk remains
Asia's largest wholesale market. Crafts once
patronized by the Mughals continue to flourish
in the small lanes of the city. Tradition
and modernity meet at unexpected places in
Shahjahanabad. If you see a man pulling a
rickshaw or feeding pigeons, you will see
just as many talking over the cello or assembling
a computer! An experience of timelessness
awaits you at Shahjahanabad.
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Raj Ghat |
Shanti Vana |
| On the bank of the legendary
Yamuna, which flows past Delhi, there is Raj Ghat-the
last resting place of Mahatma Gandhi, the father
of the nation. It has become an essential point
of call for all visiting dignitaries. Two museums
dedicated to Gandhi are situated nearby. |
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| Lying close to the Raj
Ghat, the Shanti Vana (literally, the forest
of peace) is the place where India's first Prime
Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was cremated. The
area is now a beautiful park adorned by trees
planted by visiting dignitaries and heads of
state. |
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Baha'i Temple (Lotus Temple) |
| The Baha'i Temple, situated in South Delhi,
is shaped like a lotus. It is an eye-catching
edifice worth exploring. Built by the Baha'i
community, it offers the visitor a serenity
that pervades the temple and its artistic design. |
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| Purana
Quila |
Tughlaqabad
|
The Purana Quila is a good
example of medieval military architecture. Built
by Humayun, with later-day modifications by
Sher Shah Suri, the Purana Quila is a monument
of bold design, which is strong, straightforward
and every inch a fortress. It is different from
the well-planned, carefully decorated, and palatial
forts of the later Mughal rulers. Purana Quila
is also different from the later forts of the
Mughals, as it does not have a complex of palaces,
administrative and recreational buildings, as
is generally found in the forts built later
on. The main purpose of this now-dilapidated
fort was its utility, with less emphasis on
decoration.
The Qal'a-I-Kunha Masjid and the Sher Mandal
are two important monuments inside the fort. |
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| When Ghazi Malik founded
the Tughlaq Dynasty in 1321, he built the strongest
fort in Delhi at Tughlaqabad, completed with
great speed within four years of his rule. It
is said that Ghazi Malik, when only a slave
to Mubarak Khilji, had suggested this rocky
prominence as an ideal site for a fort. The
Khilji Sultan laughed and suggested that the
slave build a fort there when he became a Sultan.
Ghazi Malik as Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq did just
that-Tughlaqabad is Delhi's most colossal and
awesome fort, even in its ruined state. Within
its sky-touching walls, double-storied bastions,
and gigantic towers were housed grand palaces,
splendid mosques, and audience halls. |
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